Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity
Article Title: GDF15 Suppresses Lymphoproliferation and Humoral Autoimmunity in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
doi: 10.1159/000523991
Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 negatively regulates TLR-9 dependent inflammation and cell proliferation. a C57BL/6 ( n = 7), Gdf15−/− ( n = 8) , Gdf15−/− lpr/lpr ( n = 10) and control C57BL/6 lpr/lpr ( n = 7) female mice were bled at month 6 to determine serum levels of corticosterone and aldosterone. Data represent means ± SD. b Expression levels of Tlr7 and Tlr-9 in spleens of 6-month-old C57BL/6 ( n = 5), Gdf15−/− ( n = 5) , Gdf15−/− lpr/lpr ( n = 6), and control C57BL/6 lpr/lpr ( n = 6) females were quantified by real-time PCR. Data are shown as means ± SD of the ratio of the specific mRNA versus that of GAPDH mRNA, * p < 0.05. c The production of GDF15 was quantified in supernatants of BM derived macrophage isolated from C57BL/6 ( n = 7) and C57BL/6 lpr/lpr ( n = 12) mice by ELISA 24 h upon CpG 1668 (100 ng/mL) stimulation. Data represent means ± SD; *** p < 0.001. d The proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes isolated from 8-weeks old mice, stimulated with 10% FCS ( n = 4) or CpG ( n = 8) was evaluated by MTT assay 72 h upon CpG 1668 (50 ng/mL). The graphs represent a representative experiment (from three independent experiments) performed in a single run; presented as mean ± SD; * p < 0.05. e Expression analysis of preselected interferon type I dependent genes in BM-derived macrophages isolated from all four strains of mice and stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL), CpG 1668 (100 ng/mL), and Imiquimod (1 μg/mL); n = 5 per each group and genotype. The expression of selected genes was determined in BM-derived macrophages 4 h poststimulation. The graphs represent a representative experiment (from three independent experiments) performed in a single run. Data represent means ± SD; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. f The differences in TNFα expression ( n = 4 per genotype and stimulation) and IL12 and TNFα production upon CpG 1668 (100 ng/mL) stimulation (or costimulation with 20 ng/mL of IFNγ) in BM-derived macrophages from C57BL/6, Gdf15−/− as well as Gdf15−/− lpr/lpr and control C57BL/6 lpr/lpr mice were evaluated with qPCR (4 h) and ELISA (24 h). The biological replicates of n = 5 per group were used. Data represent means ± SD; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. The graphs represent a representative experiment (from three independent experiments) performed in a single run.
Article Snippet: Plasma aldosterone levels were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, RE52301, IBL International GmbH, Hamburg, Germany).
Techniques: Control, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Derivative Assay, Isolation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, MTT Assay